Analysis Of P G Us - 910 Words

In the 1950s, PG US was organized by product (Diagram 1) †¢ Advantages of organizing by product are: o Faster decision making on the products o Decision making can be effectively done by Brand managers instead of escalating it to executives o Product development life cycle can be improved o Faster product modifications based on the customer response o Performance of each divisional products are can be evaluated easily based on the income statements. As each product division is independent, we can easily close a division which is not profitable without any impact on the entire organization. †¢ Disadvantages of organizing by product are: o As each product division run independently, high chances of misalignment between the corporate goals†¦show more content†¦This will result in high operating costs o As it is each to compare the performance between product divisions, it will result in unhealthy competition and less support across different divisions 2. In 1987, the US was reorganized into a matrix organization. (Diagram 2) †¢ PG introduced Category Business Units (CBUs): o Product categories required more differentiated functional activities o Better balance between product and functional influence in management decision process †¢ Advantages of a matrix organization: o Improved interdivision communication and Quicken decision making process o Transfer of resources and best practices and standardization of activities o Increased employee motivation as managers seek their inputs before taking decisions †¢ Disadvantages of a matrix organization: o Lack of cross functional coordination and commitment to goals o High operating costs due to double management o No clear supervisor for some employees create confusion and dissatisfaction 3. The European Operations were originally organized by geography (Diagram 3) †¢ It was organized by geography instead of product: o Market is heterogeneous with different languages, culture and laws therefore a geographical based model was adopted o To cater products and processes as per local people requirements †¢ PG reorganize Europe into categories in 1987 (Diagram 4): o Innovation brand took more time to globalize (â€Å"Pampers† took almost 14 years) o Development done at each regions on the

The Effect Of The Industrial Revolution On The Working Class

The Industrial Revolution The Industrial revolution started in Britain around 1750 and by 1850 it will make Great Britain the wealthiest country in the world. The revolution also spread to other European countries and the New World. Both Germany and United States will surpass Britain in the next fifty years. What was the effect of The Industrial Revolution on the working class? Spielvogels ´ text â€Å"The Foundry and Engineering Works of the Royal Overseas Trading Company Factory Rule† is from a factory in Berlin, 1844. It shows a set of rules that are to be strictly followed for fundamental success. The set of rules tells us how a day in the worker s life in the factory would have been. The day starts early at 6am, they have a couple of breaks during the day. The days are long and they have to stay the whole day, unless they have talked to their overseer. Every workman had to reach out to their overseer if they had questions or needed something, even if the reason was to l eave their workplace. The workers life were strictly observed and controlled by either the factory owner or overseer. They wanted order and harmony in the workplace, the worker s opinion was not so important to them in the beginning. All actions had to be controlled, rules had to be followed. There were penalties every time you broke the rules, usually a fine you had to pay. The factory owners believed in the beginning that the workers were fine with the condition, but it did not take long until theShow MoreRelatedThe Industrial Revolution Impacted Women923 Words   |  4 PagesIn my thesis, I contend that the Industrial Revolution impacted women because women in the working and poor classes were a key labor force in mills and factories, they supported their role as the backbone of the household economy by completing housework in the middle class, and finally the Industrial Revolution made an impact on the contributions of ideas made by women. Firstly, the Industrial Revolution affected women in the working and poor classes by allowing them to work in factories and millsRead MoreThe Positives And Cons Of The Industrial Revolution835 Words   |  4 PagesIs the Industrial Revolution as Good as We Think It Is? Bill Gates once said, â€Å"If you go back to 1800, everybody was poor. I mean everybody. The Industrial Revolution kicked in, and a lot of countries benefited, but by no means everyone.† The Industrial Revolution was a period in the 18th century led by Great Britain that had a major influence in agriculture, scientific studies, manufacturing, and transportation. As said by Bill Gates, even though the Industrial Revolution benefited many partiesRead More The Industrial Revolution Essay1526 Words   |  7 PagesThe Industrial Revolution in Britain’s history is marked as the period of great development that led to the modern era of growth, improved living standards and technology. Moreover, this revolution was not just limited to Britain; it affected the rest of Europe and America in the same positive manner. Due to the Industrial Revolution’s success in many countries, it is now commonly cited as the surest way for a country to develop. In economics, goals of a developed country are high production of goodsRead MoreIndustrial Revolution : A Time Of Social And Economic Change1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was a time of social and economic change which emphasized the power of humanity over nature. It was also an era of change which consisted of inventions that were mass produced to make life easier between 1750 and 1914. Although the Industrial Revolution led to efficient transportation and made Great Britain the center of world commerce, only the upper class got to truly enjoy that. The Industrial Revolution had spread to all around the world so the impact was more brutalRead MorePositive and Negative Effects of Industrial Revolution Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesPositive and Negative Effects of Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 1700’s. The Industrial Revolution was a time of new inventions, products, and methods of work. The results of the Industrial Revolution led to many short and long-term positive and negative effects. These results have been assessed from many viewpoints such as the factory workers, the factory owners, the government, and other people who observed the conditions in industrial cities. One negativeRead MoreThe Importance of the Industrial Revolution649 Words   |  3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was a period of time consisting of great technological advancements that allowed for greater production of goods. Although some changes supported the increase of the quality of life, most changes affected the life of the lower class people. The Industrial Revolution had the greatest amount of social effects as opposed to economic and political effects because of the dramatic changes in working conditions, social classes, and living conditions. Working conditions was a bigRead MoreThe Effects of the Industrial Revolution on the Family Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of the Industrial Revolution on the Family In the last part of the eighteenth century, a new revolution was formed and gave birth to a new standard of living. It shaped the world into what people of today are familiar with. This major occurrence of the late eighteenth century is known as the industrial revolution. It first began in Great Britain, which was the biggest empire in Europe at the time. The industrial revolution brought many positive aspects to society but it also broughtRead MoreNegative Effects Of The Industrial Revolution923 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Agricultural Revolution gave leeway to the Industrial Revolution of the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds. Previous landowners and investors of the Agricultural Revolution were able to start or participate Corporations and Businesses to seek great profit. New machinery and technological innovations were frequent due to the demand for faster, more efficient technology. Working class families, who were arguably the sole reason for the grand success of the Industrial Revolution, moved from theirRead More The Industrial Revolution Essay example985 Words   |  4 PagesPeter Stearns claims that the industrial revolution was an intensely human experience. What initially arose as scientific advancements in metallurgy and machine building, the industrial revolution period saw a redefinition of life as a whole. As industry changed, human life began to adapt. Work life was drastically changed which, in turn, resulted in family life being affected. As is human nature, major change was met with great resistant. Ultimately, the most successful people during the transitionRead MoreIndustrial Revolution : Impact On Society1092 Words   |  5 PagesIndustrial Revolution: Impact on Society Chernyka Love HIST112 Professor Adam Howard American Military University 15 March 2015 The Industrial Revolution is a term used to describe a period characterized by a transition from old to new processes of manufacturing. This period occurred during the 18th and 19th century. The transition was seen to include movement from primitive hand production to the same type of production using faster more efficient means by use of machines. The era also featured

Science and My Daily Life Free Essays

Science and My Daily life Brenda Durbin Kaplan University Science and I Science has and always will play a constant important role in my daily life, maybe more so than others. Science for me has not always been my strong subject in school and I very easily tend to get intimidated. But when I look at my daily life and realize how much science plays a role in it, I cannot help but smile. We will write a custom essay sample on Science and My Daily Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Science is not at all bad, it has allowed me to do many things every day, even if I do not take the time to stop and think about it, it is there. From the way the microwave heats up the water for my coffee every morning or the way my body digests the food I eat every meal and makes it into energy or even a trip to the doctor’s office with my son, science is a constant companion and without it, my life would have turned out very different indeed. If I arrived home late one night and after unlocking the front door, I tried to turn on a light and it did not respond I would begin a process of elimination, or in other words, using the scientific method to find out the problem. First I would check the light bulb, to see if it had blown, once replacing the bulb if I still did not have light I would then go to my back porch and to the fuse box. I would then check the fuses to see if maybe a breaker was tripped or I had a blown fuse. If even after doing this I still have no power I would then call my electric company, asking them if someone had hit a power pole, or if they were conducting some kind of random test(s) or even making repair(s) to the line. Once finding out some information from the company I would then know whether to light some candles and to be patient or if I would have to call an electrician. For scenario number two I will use the situation of my car not starting. First I would check the level of gas in my vehicle, if that was found to be not the problem I would then check the battery and the terminals making sure they are all clean and connected. I would then check the spark plugs to see if they were misfiring, dirty or corroded. If after checking these items I still would be finding no solution, I would do my best to get a jump start from a passing motorist. If the jumps start did not elp to start my car I would then have to call a tow truck to bring my car to a garage where a mechanic would be able to research the problem better with his/her equipment and tools. While waiting for the answer and the problem to be fixed from the mechanic I would have to plan to either take a cab or find a ride with my friend(s) and/or co-workers to work, appointments and any place I need to go for my routine errands. Every day I get up at 5:30am. Without science (to tell the time of day) and the technology that goes into my alarm clock chances are 5:30am would not be the time I would be getting up. I then go upstairs and wake up my sons Warren and Ryely to get ready for school. When Warren comes down stairs I help him get his morning treatment machines ready. Warren was born with Cystic Fibrosis and relies on science and the continuing scientific advances of treatments, medicines and therapies to continue living. Warren’s first treatment is called a nebulizer, this lasts about 15 minutes. The nebulizer loosens the thick mucus on the walls of Warren’s lungs. Then his next treatment is done with what is called â€Å"the vest airway clearance system† (Hill-Rom Services, 2011). This vest gently compresses and releases the chest wall up to 25 times per second (Hill-Rom Services, 2011). In other words it basically pounds the loosened mucus (from his first treatment, â€Å"the neb† as we call it) off and out of Warren’s lungs so that he may cough it up. This vest treatment last for thirty minutes. After his treatments are finished, I then help Warren break down the machines, clean them and put them away until they are needed again in the evening. Warren does both of these treatments twice a day. Without science I would not have had Warren in my life for so long. He is nineteen and each day he does these treatments is another day I get to have my son in my life. Next, I prepare breakfast for both Warren and Ryely. We have a gas stove in our kitchen so the use of science plays a big role in the cooking of the food for all our meals. After dinner I then lay out all of Warren’s many medications they he needs to take. The absolute most important of all the medication is what is called Creon. Creon â€Å"contains pancrelipase – a combination of three enzymes: lipase, protease, and amylase† (Drugs. com, 2011). These enzymes are produced in the pancreas of people without CF. In people who do have CF however, the thick sticky mucus plugs the ducts in the pancreas so that the enzymes cannot reach the food to help break down and digest what food is eaten. So every time Warren eats he needs to take these, five capsules for snacks and seven with meals. Without science, everything Warren eats would pass right through his system and no nutrition would be absorbed by his body. After breakfast it is usually time for the boys to leave so that they can go to their bus stops. When they leave I will usually either start getting ready for any appointments that are scheduled or start cleaning the house. I must also admit there are some days that I do in fact go back to bed to catch an hour or two of more sleep. Science plays a huge role in the cleaning of my house also. From the hot water I use to mop the floors to the cleaners I use to disinfect and make my home smell clean science is there. Science has improved the quality of my life so very much. In explaining how I will get very emotional and I hope you understand. Without science Warren would not have lived, therefore I would not have become a mother. Without the scientific understanding of genetics and genetic diseases not only would I have lost Warren but I could have very well ended up in jail for child abuse. Before a doctor thought of giving Warren a sweat test (a test which measures the amount of salt in sweat) I was being investigated by the state of Maine for suspicion of child abuse. Warren was only 3 months old at the time and got down to 2 pounds 1. 3 ounces. The doctors and nurses immediately thought where I was a young mother I must have not been feeding him. This hung over my head the whole time Warren was being tested and in the neonatal critical care unit. Only when a CF specialist visiting Mid Maine Medical Center from the Children’s Hospital of Boston, after examining my son decided that a sweat test was needed, and done did this allegation clear up. Removing all doubt from the doctors and nurses of my mothering skills and love toward my son. The sweat test came back positive that Warren had CF. It was right then my life changed. Not only did my life change due to the treatments, medications and care Warren needed daily but also I was taught a most valuable lesson, never take anyone (who is in your life), no matter how small they are for granted. Every smile, laugh and memory with and from both my children have become even more precious to me now knowing that without the help of science Warren would not be a part of the family. Warren fought so hard to live (and continues to fight) so that I could be a mother, his mother. That in itself changes a person. To be perfectly honest, there has been only one negative impact that science has had on my life. I have always wanted to have at least two children. I underwent genetic testing soon after Warren was diagnosed with CF and the results that came in were scary. Warren’s father was found to have passed a gene unto him that is very common in about 80% of CF cases, while I had passed on to him a much rarer gene that was only evident in 2% of CF cases. The guilt was unbelievable and very painful to work through. And if that was not enough we were also told that with every child I would have with Warren’s father the chances it would be born with CF were 1 in 4. I do not believe that I could live without science and I sincerely do not think anyone else could either. As people, we get sick, have headaches, toothaches and need surgeries for a multitude of reasons and without science we simply could not and would not be here. From a small aspirin someone takes for pain, to the food we eat or the healthcare we need and receive science is all around us every day! Science has made it possible for people such as me to live longer, be cared for, and to eat a variety of foods no matter if it is in a box or can and to live. To be honest I have always been too busy with my daily life that I have never stopped to think about how much science was in my life and the ways it presents itself. But through this course I have found a definite respect for science. I will look at things differently now and probably always will since taking this course. Science has been around me long before Warren was born but it was when he came into my life that I began to appreciate science and all the possibilities it holds for the future. One of the biggest possibilities that my family and I are hoping for is one day when CF will stand for cure found. Through the length of this course I have shared many of my own opinions and life experiences. Reflecting on them all I cannot help but smile, I should never be intimidated by science, because it is through science I have the life I live now. References Drugs. com, (2011). Creon, Retrieved on November 12, 2011 from http://www. drugs. com/creon. html Hill-Rom Services, (2011). The Vest Airway Clearance System, Retrieved on November 12, 2011 from http://www. thevest. com/products/ How to cite Science and My Daily Life, Essay examples